[15], In 1852 the Spanish colonel Coello suggested to the Spanish government that the effective occupation of the Caroline Islands provided trade advantages between the Philippines and Australia, New Guinea and the Americas, but Spain ignored his suggestions until 1885. Pohnpei "upon (pohn) a stone altar (pei)" (formerly known as Ponape or Ascension, Proto-Chuukic-Pohnpeic: *Fawo ni pei) is an island of the Senyavin Islands which are part of the larger Caroline Islands group. Arbitrary and onerous demands, as well as a reputation for offending Pohnpeian deities, sowed resentment among Pohnpeians. During World War II, Japan had a large base set up at Truk Lagoon which was used for expansion into the southeastern Pacific. Spanish explorers visited the archipelago in 1542 (Matelotes Islands), 1543, and 1545. [4] The business venture, however, went into debt, and the island's settlement slowly decreased in population. Such storms take place at all times of the year but are most common from July to November, with a maximum in September. Combining North Carolina's population of 10,042,802 and South Carolina's of 4,896,146, the Carolinas have a population of 14,938,948 as of 2015. Species recorded on Caroline Island, one of the Line Islands in the south-central Pacific Ocean Flora Trees. In an average year more than 20 typhoons (tropical cyclones) originate in the Carolines. Some islands support tuna fishing, which has grown in importance because of the 200-mile (320-km) exclusive economic zone (EEZ) around each island group. [10], Caroline Island is heavily vegetated, and most islets possess three ringed zones of vegetation: an outermost herb mat, typically composed mainly of Heliotropium anomalum; an inward zone of shrub, primarily Heliotropium foertherianum; and a central forested region, typically dominated by groves of Pisonia grandis trees. and 131° and 163° E long. The total atoll area, including dry land, lagoon and reef flat, measures 13 by 2.5 km, or 24 km2. Precipitation ranges from 2, 250 mm to 3, 000–4, 500 mm and even 6, 000 mm (in the mountains of Kusaie Island) a year. It remained under British jurisdiction, repossessed by the British Western Pacific High Commission in 1943 and governed as part of the Central and Southern Line Islands. Spain had contributed more than $5000 a year towards the mission; Germany granted no support. [2] The most common species is the “small giant clam” Tridacna maxima and largest clam species, Tridacna gigas is also found in the lagoon. Japan invaded and occupied the islands in 1914, during World War I. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Caroline-Atoll, Fact Monster - World - Caroline Islands, Kiribati. The native population of the Carolines consists of small ethnic groups of Micronesians, speaking various languages of the Malay-Polynesian family. "[4] The atoll was "rediscovered" on December 16, 1795 by Captain William Robert Broughton of HMS Providence, who gave the atoll the name Carolina (which later became Caroline) "in compliment to the daughter of Sir P. Stephens of the Admiralty. [2], The group consists of about 500 small coral islands, east of the Philippines, in the Pacific Ocean; the distance from Manila to Yap, one of the larger islands of the group, is 1,200 miles (1,900 km).[3]. The mission thereby suffered greatly, and the Propaganda Fide finally deemed it advisable to replace the Spanish Capuchins with others of German nationality (7 November 1904) and to erect one Apostolic prefecture instead of the two separate missions (18 December 1905). [5], There is no standing fresh water on Caroline Island, although the Nake and South Islets harbor underground freshwater aquifers (or Ghyben-Herzberg lenses), and wells have been built to tap drinking water for temporary settlements. Two other Jesuits were killed later. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1885). Following a transfer of ownership, Falconer was evicted from the island by the Kiribati government. …is found in the western Carolines, diminishing to none in eastern Micronesia.…. A conflict arose, leading to the submission of these facts for arbitration by Pope Leo XIII, who recognized Spanish rights on the islands west of the 164th meridian east; he assigned to Germany the Marshall Islands and the right to maintain a naval station in one of the Caroline Islands, a right that Germany never exercised.[16]. From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core, "Joshua Project Carolinian of Northern Mariana Islands Ethnic People Prolife", "NEA National Heritage Fellowships: Felipe I. and Joseph K. Ruak, Carolinian stick dancers", "The Insular Empire: America in the Mariana Islands", https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Carolinian_people&oldid=678271335, Articles using Template:Infobox ethnic group with deprecated parameters, Ethnic groups in the Federated States of Micronesia, Ethnic groups in the Northern Mariana Islands, Northern Mariana Islands people of Carolinian descent, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, About Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core. The climate is equatorial or subequatorial. On December 23, 1994, the Republic of Kiribati announced a change of time zone for the Line Islands, to take effect December 31, 1994. In 1767 the Jesuits were suppressed in the Spanish dominions, and during the next 120 years there has been no trace of a missionary. This occupation was carried out by two naval squadrons: the Western Carolines under the squadron commanded by Rear Admiral Matsumura Tatsuo (1868–1932), and the Eastern Carolines under Vice-Admiral Yamaya Tanin (1866–1940). "[15], Leased to S.R. The Carolinian, or Refaluwasch, people are an Austronesian ethnic group who originated in Oceania, in the eastern Caroline Islands, with a total population of around 8,500 people. Until then the islands had belonged ecclesiastically to the Vicariate Apostolic of Micronesia. According to the path of the International Date Line, Caroline Island is the easternmost point of land on Earth. In 1885 Arundel established a coconut plantation, however the coconut palms suffered from disease and the plantation failed. The volcanic islands have tropical evergreen forests of screw pines. They traditionally believe in a Supreme Being (Yalafar) and in a bad spirit (Can), yet they have hardly any religious rites. Altogether, they number about 67, 000 (1969, estimate). Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. This page was last modified on 28 August 2015, at 08:34. On Pohnpei, for example, pre-colonial history is divided into three eras: Mwehin Kawa or Mwehin Aramas (Period of Building, or Period of Peopling, before c. 1100); Mwehin Sau Deleur (Period of the Lord of Deleur, c. 1100[5] to c. 1628);[note 1] and Mwehin Nahnmwarki (Period of the Nahnmwarki, c. 1628 to c. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Caroline-Islands, Academy of American Poets - "Mending Wall", The Catholic Encyclopedia - Caroline Islands, Caroline Islands - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). pop. One such expedition (1731) was made by Father Juan Antonio Cantova, who was killed. Historically, this area was also called Nuevas Filipinas or New Philippines[1] as they were part of the Spanish East Indies and governed from Manila in the Philippines. District officers (from 1889, styled Bezirksamtmann): In the Western Caroline islands (Yap and Palau [and from 1907 Saipan]), In the Eastern Caroline islands (Ponape, and including the Marshall Islands from 1911), Two Jesuits, Juan Antonio Cantova (also known as John Anthony Cantova) and Victor Walter, attempted missionary work there in 1731; the former was soon murdered and the latter obliged to flee. 21,000), c.192 sq mi (497 sq km), W Pacific, in the W Caroline Islands. [16], In 1979, the Gilbert Islands became the independent nation of Kiribati; Caroline Island is Kiribati's easternmost point. [24] As this point is close to the Antarctic Circle, and the area beyond the Antarctic Circle is affected by the continuous sunlight in December, the definition of the exact point becomes a question of distinguishing between a sunset and an immediate sunrise in view of atmospheric refraction effects. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Satellite image of Caroline Atoll, Kiribati. [6] Johann Palisa, a member of the expedition, discovered an asteroid later that year which he named Carolina "in remembrance of his visit to [the] island. The Saudeleur era lasted around 500 years. The atoll is currently designated as a wildlife sanctuary. [4] The settlement on the island lasted until 1904, when the six remaining Polynesians were relocated to Niue. [3][4], The central lagoon, roughly 6 by 0.5 km (3.73 by 0.31 mi), is shallow – at most 5–7 m (16–23 ft) in depth – and is crossed repeatedly by narrow coral heads and patch reefs. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The first such vessel known to have visited was the London whaler Britannia which called at Ngatik in December 1793. Coordinates: 06°03′N 147°05′E / 6.050°N 147.083°E / 6.050; 147.083. [4], Densities of giant clams reach up to four per square foot in parts of the lagoon. In that year, the Spanish representative Butron and the kings of Koror and Artingal signed an act which recognized the sovereignty of the king of Spain on the Carolines. Caroline Atoll, coral formation in the Central and Southern Line Islands, part of Kiribati, in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, about 450 miles (720 km) northwest of Tahiti. Their primary language is Carolinian, called Refaluwasch by native speakers, which has a total of about 5,700 speakers. 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