Damaged during the Second World War, Bourget aerodrome was used from 1945 for the return of the internment camp prisoners from Germany and other concentration camps located in Poland. It is today a symbol of the Shoah and internment … You will need a reader's ticket to do this. [3] In 2 weeks in January and February 1939 around 500,000 men, women and children crossed the border. In early 1941, many of them were released, the rest were transferred to Vittel. Please ensure the tag is appropriate for the record. (Courtesy of Open Street Maps) The first internment camps were opened during the First World War (1914–1918) to detain civilian prisoners (mainly German, Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman). During the Second World War (1939 – 1945) a number of internment camps for civilians from enemy countries were … Finally, the Camp de Rivesaltes in the Pyrénées-Orientales, and Bourg-Lastic in the Puy de Dôme, used to intern Jews, were also used to intern Harkis in the 1960s, and Kurdish refugees from Iraq in the 1980s. In France, some camps used under Vichy were opened again, in Paris in particular, to hold suspected FLN and other Algerian independentists. They included US citizens caught in Europe by surprise when the war was declared in December 1941 and citizens of the British Commonwealth caught in areas engulfed by the Blitzkrieg. were brought to French metropolitan territory. Internment was also put to use during the Algerian War (1954–1962), generally under the name of "camps de regroupement" ("regrouping camps"). Passenger station and place of departure of 42 convoys for Auschwitz-Birkenau. Then, after the 10 July 1940 vote of full powers to Marshal Philippe Pétain and the proclamation of the État français (Vichy regime), these camps were used to intern Jews, Gypsies, and various political prisoners (anti-fascists from all countries). Beside Jews, Germans and Austrians were immediately rounded-up in camps, as well as Spanish refugees, who were later deported. The Vichy government would progressively hand them up to the Gestapo, and they would all transit by Drancy internment camp, the last stop before concentration camps in the Third Reich and in Eastern Europe and the extermination camps. [9], During the 1943 Battle of Marseille and urban scaping operations[clarify] in the center of town, 20,000 people were expelled from their homes and interned during several months in military camps nearby Fréjus (La Lègue, Caïs and Puget).[2]:129. Beside the camps created during World War I to intern German, Austrian and Ottoman civilian prisoners, the Third Republic (1871–1940) opened various internment camps for the Spanish refugees fleeing the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939). Internment camps in France - report on "St. Denis", Have you found an error with this catalogue description? Read information of the livestock on Pantin plateform. Before the term “important place of memory" served to indicate a place which had been the theater of a particular event. The Third Republic also interned German anti-Nazis (mostly members of the Communist Party of Germany, KPD). Note the public square, Place du 8 Mai 1945, at the bottom right of the camp. You need to sign in to tag. As early as 1939, the existing camps were indiscriminately filled with German anti-Nazis (Communists, German Jews, etc. Current map of Saint-Denis showing the location of the original Saint-Denis Internment Camp, overlaid in red from a 1936 map. The United States military police also possessed legal authority over the camp in Septèmes-les-Vallons, in the Bouches-du-Rhône.[2]:53. Understand the various customs of commemorative sites and the limits of heritage tourism. Following the 1940 defeat, and the 10 July 1940 vote of full powers installing the Vichy regime, these camps were filled with Jews, first with foreign Jews, then indifferently with foreign and French Jews. The main camp building can be seen at the base of the large letter ‘C’. Most internment camps, however, were not conceived as such. Never before had a conflict left so many material and psychological traces over a wide territory. Furthermore, the Chilean poet Pablo Neruda, who had been named Consul in Paris for Immigration, organized the transportation to Chile of 2,200 Spanish refugees who had been detained in the camps on board the Winnipeg, which departed on 2 August 1939, and arrived in Valparaíso at the beginning of September 1939. [citation needed]. Subscribe now for regular news, updates and priority booking for events, All content is available under the Open Government Licence v3.0, except where otherwise stated, Read about our fair use policy and why we are doing this, FO - Records created or inherited by the Foreign Office, Division within FO - Records of Various Second World War Departments, FO 916 - Foreign Office: Consular (War) Department, later Prisoners of War Department: Registered Files (KW and RD Series), About our The Fort was also a camp for women.More information about the fort de Romainville. It is also the place of the internment of two major figures of communist resistance: Danielle Casanova and Colonel Fabien. Saint-Denis, near Paris. In the colonial empire, Vichy created in Algeria and in Morocco labour camps ("camps de travail") for Jews in:[22]. [5] These camps were located in: To these camps must be added the camps for the German prisoners in 1939 (sometimes overlapping with those above), and those of the Colonial Empire, not well known in Europe. [2]:125–126 Humanitarian concerns largely intertwined with repressive aims, and internment restrictions and assistance given to populations varied widely (Hungarian refugees were better treated than French from Indochina[2]:125–126). During the Second World War, this military barracks situated in Saint-Denis was used as an internment center for «high profile prisoners ». Franco refugees still haunted by the past: ‘We were cold, hungry and scared’, "Memoria Republicana - Imágenes - Corazón helado de 1939", Moisdon-la-Rivière - Les Espagnols Internés à Moisdon-la-Rivière, Cité nationale de l'histoire de l'immigration, "Aincourt, camp d'internement et centre de tri", "Saline royale d'Arc et Senans (25) - L'internement des Tsiganes", "La Saline Royale d'Arc-et-Senans : un camp d'internement de la Seconde guerre mondiale", "Le Centre de séjour surveillé de Fort-Barraux", "Listes des internés du camp des Milles 1941", "Accueil - Mémoire et Espoirs de la Résistance", Souviens-toi des déportés - L'aide-mémoire de la déportation, Souviens-toi des déportés - Les lieux d'internement avant les camps de concentration, Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation, Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Déportation, Sons and Daughters of Jewish Deportees from France, Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany, Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Internment_camps_in_France&oldid=976933683#Second_World_War_camps, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020, All Wikipedia articles needing clarification, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2020, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from May 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2010, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Peter Gaida, Camps de travail sous Vichy, Lulu Press 2014, This page was last edited on 5 September 2020, at 23:28. "[1] In any case, most of these camps were closed definitively after the liberation of France at the end of World War II. The camp of Struthof, or Natzweiler-Struthof, in Alsace, one of the concentration camps created by Nazis on annexed French territory, included a gas chamber which was used to kill at least 86 detainees (mostly Jewish) with the aim of forming a collection of preserved skeletons for the use of Nazi professor August Hirt. If you provide contact details, we will be in touch about your request within 10 working days. If you don't have an account please register. Several of these were then used to intern harkis (Algerians who had fought on the French side) after the 19 March 1962 Évian Accords. Internment camps were also used to intern the Harkis (Algerians who fought on the French Army's side) after the 19 March 1962 Évian Accords which put an official end to the war. “Collar the lot,” is what Churchill said about the citizens of enemy nations living in the UK, it didn't matter if they were friend or foe,. After 1940 when the Nazi Germany divided France in occupied and free zone, the camps were also used to imprison Jews, Gypsies, and sometimes gays, and the original prisoners were used as forced labor to make the camps larger.[4]. La cité de la Muette, former camp of Drancy. In our social memory, the representation and the symbolization of the camp in Drancy evolved over time. At the end of 1940, 2,400 women, mostly British, were interned in the Vauban barracks and another five hundred, old and sick, in the St. Jacques hospital close by. [2][page needed] The Vel d'Hiv was also used during the Algerian War (see below). In our social memory, the representation and the symbolization of the camp in Drancy evolved over time. Finally, the Camp de Rivesaltes in the Pyrénées-Orientales and the camp of Bourg-Lastic in the Puy de Dôme were also used to intern Kurdish refugees from Iraq in the 1980s. This reference work of a Vauban-style military fort built in the 19th century was requisitioned by Germany in 1940. Commemorative sites of the Second World War in Seine-Saint-Denis. Built in 1892, it was the starting point of the last major convoy of deportation of the Paris region on August 15th, 1944. Other internment camps were used for Armenians in the 1920s-1930s (Mirabeau camp, Victor Hugo camp and Oddo Camp in Marseille);[2]:130 Gypsies after the 1912 Act on nomadism[2]:132 (for instance in the Royal Saltworks at Arc-et-Senans, but also in iron mines in the Manche and other disaffected industrial centers in Mayenne, in the Manche, in Loire-Atlantique, in the Sarthe, in the Maine-et-Loire, etc.[2]:45). Discover the story of the Jews deportation and the main memorial locations in Seine-Saint-Denis. (Public domain) In Rennes, after General Patton's United States Third Army liberated the city on 4 August 1944, about 50,000 German prisoners were kept in four camps in a city of 100,000 inhabitants at the time. The most infamous internment camps before World War II were used to intern the Spanish Republican refugees and military personnel during the Spanish Civil War. The Second World War caused 55 million deaths, a total war which affected civilians for the majority. It is today a symbol of the Shoah and internment of the Jews of France. Enter the tag you would like to associate with this record and click 'Add tag'.

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