17: The Adam and Eve of the Ilocanos. National Commission for Culture and the Arts. Socio-cultural History of Mamanwa Adaptations of Community in Sitio Palayan, Barangay Caucab, Almeria Biliran. To better visualize how these can be interpreted today, CNN Philippines Life sought the help of an artist to interpret some creatures from our local mythology. Assessing environmental conservation on Palawan Island (the Philippines), in D. Anderson and E. Berglund (eds.) Each of these lower-ranking gods and goddesses had specific responsibilities. 2, No. Ethnogrphy of the Bikol People. Ibalon: Tatlong Bayani ng Epikong Bicol. Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Global Environment Facility, and UNDP. University of the Philippines. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, XXV. Chaosmology: Shamanism and personhood among the Bugkalot. Pre-colonial Tagalogs who were hopelessly looking for their missing stuff prayed to Anagolay, the goddess of lost things. (1913). Unilever Philippines. The Origin of Earth and of Man. Also Read: The 6 Most Tragic Love Stories in Philippine History. Original illustration by Maria Angela C. Simbajon (Contact No. vii. (1958). Ignacio Alcina penned his 1668 book Historias de las Islas e Indios de las Bisayas, the name of the sea serpent was already synonymous with the eclipse. Pampangan Folklore. Philippine Sociological Review Vol. Canberra, Australia: ANU E Press. The answer, according to our ancestors, is Philippine mythology. Nicdao, A. Jocano, F. L. (1969). SPAFA Digest. But with no religion to rely on, how can you possibly make sense of everything? Creation and Flood Myths in Philippine Folk Literature. Also Read: The Ancient Mindanao Deities of Philippine Mythology, The Hiligaynon people of the Visayas believe that the bakunawa lives either in an area between the sky and the clouds or inside the bungalog which  is an underground passage “near the headwaters of big river systems.”. Every year during the dry season, the natives would make sacrifices for the water god to give them rain. 1: The World and The Ways of the Ivatan Añitu. Aduerte, D. (2014). Scarecrow Press. Barangay: Sixteenth-century Philippine Culture and Society. 6, No. Press. Kapres are known to be tall, dark, and sometimes hairy beings that are neither benevolent or malevolent (though some believe that kapres may act out when angered). Vol. All-Nations Publishing. If you think this article needs improvement, or if you have suggestions on how we can better achieve our goals, let us know by sending a message to admin at filipiknow dot net, How to Write a Concept Paper for Academic Research: An Ultimate Guide. Beyer, H.O. Deity, spirit, and hero figures continue to be viewed as important and existing among native faiths and the general Filipino culture. Kayamanan: Ma’i—Panoramas of Philippine Primeval. (2000). The fight ended up with Mayari blinded in one eye after Apolaki hit her with a bamboo club. Yasuda, S., Razaq Raj, R., Griffin, K. A. (2018). Between the two, Bulan was the mischievous one. 45, No. The Study of Philippine History. Catholic Anthropologist Conference. Andico, F. L. The Lowland Cultural Community of Pangasinan. (1589). The Traditional Tiruray Zodiac: The Celestial Calendar of a Philippine Swidden and Foraging People. The Institutions of Maguindanao. Esquire. He shares almost the same qualities with the Kapampangan sun god of war and death, Aring Sinukuan. Malay, P. C. (1957). Also Read: A Planet Named After A Filipino. Manuel, A. E. (1973). Peoples of the Philippines: Ibaloi. Depending on the direction of its flight, this bird could foretell whether an expedition would end up a success or disaster. Ilongot Life and Legends. Asian Folklore Studies Vol. Cajetas-Saranza, R. (2016). Evolving a Development Framework for the Sama Dilaut in an Urban Center in the Southern Philippines. 26 (99): 13–63. The University of the Philippines Press. As for their daily sustenance, the coconut’s juice and its succulent white meat proved to be nourishing. University of the Philippines. Mangagaway. It gave our ancestors a sense of direction and helped them explain everything–from the origin of mankind to the existence of diseases. C. (1916). During the pre-colonial age of the Philippines, they were highly adept in sword fighting and horse back riding. Lumicao-Lora, M. L. (1984). Fieldiana Anthropology, XLVII. 1986. Wisdom from a Rainforest: The Spiritual Journey of an Anthropologist. Mckenzie, D. A. Asuang Steals Fire from Gugurang. The Remarkable Maranaws. The Haliya outfit draws inspiration from the Visayan royalty depicted in the Boxer Codex, a Spanish manuscript that serves as a record of the lives of pre-colonial Philippines. Vocabulario de Lengua Tagala. Quezon City: The University of the Philippines Folklorists Inc. Vanoverbergh, M. (1955). Haliya is the moon goddess of Bicolano mythology who periodically comes down to earth to bathe in its waters. Apolaki soon became the “sun” who provides warm light during the day, while Mayari (or the “moon”) rules every night with a cooler and dimmer light due to her blindness. In this three-part series, you’ll get to know more about these interesting deities from Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. (1979). Matan-ayon: mother of Nagmalitung Yawa; thinking that Humadapnon has died, makes Nagmalitung Yawa pregnant to compel to her marriage with the revived Paglambuhan; Humadapnon later kills the couple, but is reunited with the revived Nagmalitung Yawa; Dumalapdap: an epic hero; brother of Labaw Donggon, Tikim Kadlum: an enchanted dog that rouses the ire of the monster Makabagting, Amburukay: married to Labaw Donggon after she consented her golden pubic hair to be used in Labaw Donggon's kudyapi, Pahagunon: an underworld being who abducts one of Labaw Donggon's wife, Ayon, Ayon: abducted by Pahagunon after Labaw Donggon transformed into a sea turtle, Giant Crab Master: a master who has a giant crab follower, who aids in the abduction of one of Labaw Donggon's wives; his loyal crab can transform into an island with betel-nut trees, Sanagnayan: a being whose life-force is in an egg in a lion's heart; the sister of Matan-ayon is rescued by Labaw Donggon fom Sanagnayan, Balanakon: prevented by the god of the sky from sailing into Labaw Donggon's territory, resulting in a long-drawn battle, Tungkung Langit: the supreme deity and the most powerful male Diwata; he is of unknown origin, coming from somewhere foreign to the other beings of the Sulod pantheon, Bangun Bangun: the deity of universal time who regulates cosmic movements, Pahulangkug: the deity who changes the seasons, Ribung Linti: the deity of lightning and thunderstorms, Sumalongsong: the deity of the rivers and seas, Munsad Burulakaw: the deity who has direct power over men; most respected and feared in the upperworld, Bayi: one of the two primordial giants who appeared out of nowhere and were responsible for the creation of many things; caught the primordial earthworm and gave birth to the wild animals that inhabit the earth, Laki: one of the two primordial giants who appeared out of nowhere and were responsible for the creation of many things, Primordial Earthworm: an ancient earthworm who excreted the earth after it was caught by the primordial giantess, Bayi, The Three Brothers Watching Over the Soul, Mangganghaw: keeps track over man's affairs immediately after marriage; keeps track of pregnancy; he is the first to come to the house of a laboring mother, peeping in the houses to see the child being born, which he then reports to Manglaegas, Manglaegas: enters the house to look for the child to make sure the infant was born alive, then reports to Patag'aes, Patag'aes: awaits until midnight then enters the house to have a conversation with the living infant; if he discovers someone is eavesdropping, he will choke the child to death; their conversation creates the fate of the child, on how long the child wants to live and how the child will eventually die, where the child will always get to choose the answers; once done, Patag'aes takes out his measuring stick, computes the child's life span, and then departs, sealing the child's fate, Bangla'e: ferries the souls across Lim'awaen, a deep lake in the underworld; asks the soul how many spouses it had on earth, where the soul is ferried and talked to differently, depending on the answer and the gender of the soul; the soul cannot lie to Bangla'e, as he will summon the tuma, a body louse and the incarnation of the soul's conscience, Unnamed God: another god that asks questions to the soul, Balagu: guards the bridge of a stream called Himbarawen; asks the same question as Bangla'e to the soul, Diwata ng Kagubatan: goddess of the forest honored on top of Mount Caimana in Cuyo island, Neguno: the god of the sea that cursed a selfish man by turning him into the first shark. Up until the 19th century, lacanbini had been the name given to an anito whom Fray San Buenaventura described as “diyus-diyosang sumasakop siya sa mga sakit sa lalamunan.” In simple English, this minor deity was invoked by our ancestors to treat throat ailments. Said to be a deity with a merciful heart, they were also a divine being who was a symbol of fertility. (1923). The works of anthropologist F. Landa Jocano beg to differ. It’s the timeline that sets them apart. Filipino Heritage, II. Humadapnon: an epic hero; brother of Labaw Donggon and husband of Nagmalitung Yawa; Nagmalitung Yawa: a powerful binukot who rescued her husband by transforming herself into a man named Buyung Sunmasakay; Malubay Hanginon: a powerful binukot who captured and imprisoned by Humadapnon; defeated by Nagmalitung Yawa under her male form, Paglambuhan: a warrior who was keeping the Timpara Alimuon sacred boat in his fortress; defeated by Nagmalitung Yawa, Humadapnon, and Dumalapdap. You are not allowed to re-post this on your blog, social media account, or any other media without her permission. (2005). Philippine Folk Tales . Buenabora, N. P. (1975). But mind you, this powerful deity could also be cruel sometimes, sending lightning and thunder to those who sin against him. Cole, F. C. (1956). Manila: Central Bank of the Philippines and Ayala Museum. 42, No. An intercessor or “middleman” was required. Lakapati: hermaphrodite deity and protector of sown fields, sufficient field waters, and abundant fish catch; Ikapati: goddess of cultivated land and fertility, Mapulon: god of seasons married to Ikapati, Anagolay: goddess of lost things and daughter of Ikapati and Mapulon. National Library of the Philippines. Mojares, R. B. READ: Top 10 Lesser-Known Mythical Creatures in Philippine Folklore, Mansisilat was literally the home-wrecker of Philippine mythology. Anitism: a survey of religious beliefs native to the Philippines. Ultimate Reality and Meaning: The Kalinga and Ifugaw Universe. The Mankukulam, on the other hand, often wandered around villages pretending to be a priest-doctor. Lakapati's gown is inspired from the noble Tagalogs’ attire as depicted in the Boxer Codex. Boats to Burn: Bajo fishing activity in the Australian fishing zone. The following is a list of gods, goddesses, deities, and many other divine, semi-divine, and important figures from classical Philippine mythology and indigenous Philippine folk religions collectively referred to as Anitism, whose expansive stories span from a hundred years ago to presumably thousands of years from modern times. Quezon City: GCF Books. Diwata Kat Sidpan: a deity who lives in the western region called Sidpan; Diwata Kat Libatan: a deity who lives in the eastern region called Babatan; Tumangkuyun: wash and keep clean the trunks of the two sacred cardinal trees in Sidpan and Babatan by using the blood of those who have died in epidemics; the blood he uses causes the colors of the sunrise and sunset, Diwata katamyan: invoked when the wet period lasts too long and these Amyan hot-dry winds are needed, Salakap: the spirits of epidemic sickness which arrive on earth through the northwest winds; initially were humans who were forced, thru a discriminatory decree or through their comrade's trick, to consume either the feces or flesh of a dead human, which turned them into Salakap, Tumungkuyan: leaders of the Salakap who paint tree trunks the support the sky using the blood of the epidemic-dead, Sumurutun: captain of the outrigger which transports the dead to Kiyabusan, Lumalayag: warriors who challenge and fight the Salakap, Tandayag: a deity who lives in Kiyabusan; sent by the supreme deity to live with the Salakap in order to prevent them from sailing except during the northeast winds, as per an agreement between the Salakap and the supreme deity, Taliyakud: chief god of the underworld who tends a fire between two tree trunks; asks the souls of the dead questions, where the soul's louse acts as the conscience that answers the questions truthfully; if the soul is wicked, it is pitched and burned, but if it is good, it passes on to a happier place with abundant food, Diwata: general term for deities; they created the first man made from earth and gave him the elements of fire, the flint-like stones, iron, and tinder, as well as rice and most importantly, rice-wine, which humans could use to call the deities and the spirits of their dead, God of Animals: the deity of animals who allowed the creatures to speak but forbade them from dancing; when a king heard of an island filled with dogs, he ordered a captain to get some of them; the captain ordered the dogs which they did, angering the god of animals who struck their ship with lightning, killing the captain and turning the dogs and ship into an island called Tagbayanga, which now protects the town of Pilar from strong winds and waves, Mount Diwata Deities: a group of deities (diwata) at the Diwata Mountains, whose privacy was subjugated by the noise created by the hornbills (kalaw); the oldest among them used her wooden staff and tapped in on the ground three times, which made their home flew up and became the island of Camiguin; a crater was left, which became Lake Mainit, Pikit Octopus: a small octopus at the Pikit river who was raised by the fivider Sario, until grew massive; inflicted illness to anyone who it has stung; when Sario died, the octopus left the river, Rizal: a culture-hero who in the future, will return to aid his people in their struggle, Sario: a diviner who raised the giant octopus in the Pikit river, Tahaw: supreme deity who is give prayers of supplications and petitions, True: deity of the forest and herder of hunting animals.

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