Announcing our NEW encyclopedia for Kids! This will make it easy to spot areas of faster flow, but also to see where the eddies are. Dying from heat or dehydration is more common than falling, but it is still a major concern. Eddy’s aren’t like other dangerous river features in that kayakers can steer clear of them. GRADIENT – The steepness of the river bed, expressed in feet/mile (an average). It’s a simple and effective trick to throw a stick or leaf into different areas of the water and watch how it behaves. “With all the people that are looking for something to do locally, there has been a big influx of people coming to the river to float and we’ve had lots of heavy rains,” Ernie Kellman, owner of Kings River Outfitters said. Typically rafters are kept safe with life vests, safety boats and throw bags, but every once and a while a bad swim turns into a tragedy and a life is lost. We learn to "read" the river to tell us which course to take through a rapids such as the downstream pointing "V"-shaped flow of smooth water that indicates a clear channel through the rocks. Check out www.uscgboating.org/safety. Eddy, fluid current whose flow direction differs from that of the general flow; the motion of the whole fluid is the net result of the movements of the eddies that compose it. Conversely we learn that rocks lying just under the surface causing that water to boil and tumble forms an upstream pointing "V" – a sign of caution for most – or an inviting challenge for the more seasoned and skilled paddler. These movements include tropical hurricanes and typhoons and the less intense cyclones and anticyclones of the mid-latitude westerly wind belts; the Rossby waves in the upper levels of the westerlies also are eddies. Omissions? On a larger scale, the huge high- and low-pressure centres that move over the Earth may be considered eddies because they are anomalous to the general circulation. Their wake and churned up water can be dangerous to small craft. EDDYLINE – boundary between the circular eddy and the downward current flow. POUROVER - Think of it as a vertical eddy, water flowing over a rock, ledge or manmade horizontal structure (dam, spillway, weir) creating a "hole" below the obstruction. Though rare, hypothermia can happen to Grand Canyon visitors who aren't careful. Here, phytoplankton (tiny ocean plants) feeding on these nutrients color the water beautiful shades of blue and green. Kellman has owned Kings River Outfitters in Madison County for 26 years. Tom Watson is an avid sea kayaker and freelance writer. The Colorado River had many names before it became the "Colorado" River. One of the first of many river "hazards" we are introduced to as beginning paddlers is the current itself. While trying to wiggle free with a slight downstream lean, I lost my balance and did a face plant into the tea-colored water. I yanked it backwards off the bank and could feel the bow swing around and be pulled downstream through a narrow hole in the branches. UNDERCUTS/POTHOLES – submerged hazards that don’t usually affect passage overhead but can trap a capsized paddler under the edge of a riverbank or rock ledge, or entrap a victim against a rock or in debris settled into a pothole. I learned the hard way, why, at certain times of the year – during spring flooding primarily – our local river, the Pomme de Terre, is called the Pomme de TERROR! Going barefooted: sharp rocks, broken glass, other nasties can cut your feet. High spring waters flowing down its narrow, meandering channel clogged with fallen cottonwoods and other debris create ongoing hazards around nearly every bend. Passage through these humungous structures is quite simple and straight forward: Upon completion of the lock cycle, there will be either a PA announcement, a short toot of a horn or a visible hand signal that it's clear to exit the lock. Check for local paddling clubs if you seek information on rivers unfamiliar to you. The names follow chronologically along with the alphabet and are decided upon by staff at Horizon Marine. Be sure to check weather and hours before departing on your adventure to the Grand Canyon. Energy is constantly transferred from large to small eddies until it is dissipated. LOCK AND DAM PROTOCOL:Approaching a lock and dam complex is usually not hazardous if you stay out of the restricted areas (On the Mississippi River, for example, those areas are 600' above a dam, 150' below). See more. A great source of river characteristics, boat handling, safety and rescue techniques is, "River Safety – A Floater's Guide" by Stan Bradshaw (published by The Lyons Press). He says there are two points on the Kings River (one by the culvert bridge above Marshal Ford and the old condemned bridge at Highway 221 and Trigger Gap) that are man-made obstacles and are extremely dangerous. Also current is faster on the surface due to less friction than along the bottom of the channel. The hydraulic somersaulting tumble at the base of a dam is most often a fatal predicament. They can be a string of boulders, clustered together in such a way so as to form a gentle series of riffles, or a continuous set of waves (like a corduroy roadway of water called a wave train). The mid-latitude cyclones, anticyclones, and Rossby waves, by transferring angular momentum (the measure of intensity of rotational motion) from the easterly to the westerly wind belts, play an important role in maintaining the global atmospheric circulation.

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