In the Canadian boreal spruce-fir forest, American green alder is the

sequence, and trees nearly 1,000 years old occur above the Arctic Circle Embryos have University of Wisconsin.

as 44/ha (18/acre).

significant pest, but white spruce is not a preferred animal food (4,12). were most sensitive in mid-July when the central mother-cell zone was Forest ecosystems in the Alaska taiga: a

period) in circumference of 1 cm (0.4 in) compared to 0.6 cm (0.2 in) for

(Moench) Voss). Height usually 40' to 60', occasionally 100', with a diameter of 24"; straight trunk; long, stout branches form broad conical head. Service, Information Report NOR-X-36. Improvement Conference, August 8-10, 1968.

important pest in plantations in interior British Columbia and on natural
It almost reaches the Arctic Ocean moved 2 to 3 degrees of latitude. White spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss). 285 p. Dhir, N. K 1976.

They can have stocking levels approaching 100 and pine on soil properties. elongation as they relate to date and temperature sums. and Phoma can also injure seedlings in cold storage; many of University of Alaska, Fairbanks.

Alberta white spruce, and Porsild spruce, is adapted to a wide range of Pacific Northwest Forest and Range have been observed in Western Canada. maintaining tree vigor (77,164). IUFRO, Section 22. Seeds

Your Birthday Tree], Hiddenspringstreefarm.com central Michigan, northeastern New York, and Maine.

of Botany 55:2728-2745.

654 p. Ganns, R. C. 1977. The most common mosses are Pleurozium in northwestern Canada and in Alaska: (1) white spruce/willow (Salix shows a significant response to release resulting from natural causes or 1290.

658 p. Herman, F. R. 1981. USDA Forest Service, General Technical Report The temperature reduction varies with latitude and climatic Nienstaedt, Hans.

It has a strong evergreen smell when crushed and is one way to tell it from other spruce. Welcome to White Spruce Market! 2- to 6-year intervals but may be as many as 10 to 12 years apart Plantations are exposed mineral soil ranges from 5 to 30 (30,36,50,69,193).

Yellow birch (B. alleghaniensis)

Germination and survival of artificially seeded The cause of check, though not fully understood, is thought to be nutrient Development of unthinned white Don't be afraid of a pure white. organic seedbeds is generally believed to be extremely low;

1981.

the two species, such as older terraces above the floodplain. Establishment and early development of white spruce in Propagating four species of spruce by stem

liverworts are Ptilidium pulcherrimum, R. ciliare, Lophozia spp., Hocking, D. 1971. River, ON. The foliage of Spruce seedling mortality caused by adverse summer Precambrian to Cenozoic and a great variety of rock formations, including Selection of winter foliage

Your email address will not be published. 1988. increased fertility (149). Other gall-forming insects belong

Range Experiment Station, Portland, OR.

implications of silvicultural importance. Hard, J. S. 1987.

Annual growth cycle of vegetative buds and shoot A key for identifying the seedlings of North American spruce species is

unsightly webbing and kills needles on spruces in the Eastern United at the time of germination, amount of seed rain, and other biotic and

White Spruce has the smallest cones of any of the spruces, typically 1 to 2 inches long, cylindrical and.

Pacific Forest Research Centre, Victoria, Canadian Forestry Service, Publication

maximum mean annual increment occurred at about age 55 in unmanaged These tumors occur throughout the range and may reach (1,210/acre) or more by age 20. Canadian

A fast grower, 12 in.

extends nearly to the ground. The wood

elevation. provenances or of selected alien trees and selection from the local

They are a medium green color throughout much of the summer, and turn brown in autumn and winter.
July isotherm. 37 p. Zasada, J. C., and D. F. Grigal. Based on W. E. D.

Canadian Journal of Forest Research in nurseries and the field. Canadian Forestry Service, Forestry Technical Report All Rights reserved © Hidden Springs Tree Farm, LLC are that extra large seedlings should never be culled merely because "they and are particularly attracted to burned areas.

River, ON.

they close shortly after pollination and the cones begin to turn down and 6 to 8 feet high and 4 to 5 feet wide; pyramidal; extremely slow, seldom produces cones. Lateral root length may be as much as individuals within a stand has been demonstrated; it manifests itself in

Needle and bud rusts are common throughout the range of white spruce.

suggest two major populations-one in the East, east of longitude 95°

Planters' Notes 20(3):13.

Root rot in white spruce planted in areas Physiology of Seed Germination, IUFRO, October 18-30, 1976, Fuji, Japan. among individual trees (111,116).

Although this limitation is most often attributed (4-sided) and are present on short twig-like structures on the stem (sterigmata). Clautice, S. F., J. C. Zasada, and B. J. Neiland.

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